一 | 南京8月24日电 (记者 徐珊珊)第24届国际矿物学协会大会8月20日至24日在南京举行。 COTONOU, Benin -- French troops have started leaving Niger more than two months after mutinous soldiers toppled the African country’s democratically elected president, the military said Wednesday. More than 100 troops left in two flights from the capital Niamey on Tuesday in the first of what will be several rounds of departures between now and the end of the year, said French military spokesman, Col. Pierre Gaudilliere. All are returning to France, he said. Niger’s state television broadcast images of a convoy leaving a base in Ouallam in the north, saying it was bound for neighboring Chad, to the east. The departure comes weeks after French President Emmanuel Macron announced that France will end its military presence in Niger and pull its ambassador out of the country as a result of the coup that removed President Mohamed Bazoum in late July. Some 1,500 French troops have been operating in Niger, training its military and conducting joint operations.Also Tuesday, the junta gave the United Nations resident coordinator in Niger, Louise Aubin, 72 hours to leave the country, according to a statement from the Foreign Ministry. The junta cited “underhanded maneuvers” by the U.N. secretary-general to prevent its full participation in last month’s General Assembly in New York as one of the reasons.The military rulers had wanted Niger’s former ambassador to the United Nations, Bakary Yaou Sangare, who was made foreign minister after the coup, to speak on its behalf at the General Assembly. However, Bakary did not receive credentials to attend after the deposed Nigerien government’s foreign minister sent the world body a letter “informing of the end of functions of Mr. Bakary as permanent representative of Niger to the United Nations,” said U.N. spokesman, Stephane Dujarric.The U.N. did not immediately respond about the junta's demand for Aubin to leave. Since seizing power, Niger’s military leaders have leveraged anti-French sentiment among the population against its former colonial ruler and said the withdrawal signals a new step towards its sovereignty.The United States has formally declared that the ousting of Bazoum was a coup, suspending hundreds of millions of dollars in aid as well as military assistance and training. Niger was seen by many in the West as the last country in Africa's Sahel region — the vast expanse south of the Sahara Desert — that could be partnered with to beat back a growing jihadi insurgency linked to al-Qaida and the Islamic State group. French troops have already been ousted by military regimes in neighboring Mali and Burkina Faso, which are seeing a surge in attacks.Analysts warn that France's withdrawal will leave a security vacuum that extremists could exploit. “French forces might not have defeated these groups, but at least disrupted and limited their activities, said said Rida Lyammouri, senior fellow at the Policy Center for the New South, a Moroccan-based think tank.With the French out of the picture, these will likely "expand to areas where French forces were providing support to Nigerien forces, especially on the borders with Mali and Burkina Faso,” Lyammouri said. Violence has already spiked since the coup. In the month after the junta seized power, violence primarily linked to the extremists soared by more than 40%, according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. Jihadi attacks targeting civilians quadrupled in August, compared with the month before, and attacks against security forces spiked in the Tillaberi region, killing at least 40 soldiers, the project reported.___Associated Press writer Angela Charlton in Paris contributed to his report.。这是该大会继1990年在北京举办之后，再度在中国举办。
二 | 来自29个国家和地区的700余名专家学者及研究生参会，围绕“矿物万象，共赴新程”的主题展开交流研讨。 本届大会由国际矿物学协会、南京大学和中国矿物岩石地球化学学会共同主办，设置40余个专题分会场，重点关注“四深”矿物学、关键金属矿物学、碳中和矿物学、行星矿物学、矿物学前沿和矿物信息学等方向。会议期间举办4场大会报告、3场IMA奖章获得者报告和2场IMA主席报告，并组织口头报告、海报展示、地质考察等学术活动。 矿物是记录地球与行星形成演化历史的天然载体，也是理解深部过程、资源形成、环境变化及物质循环的重要窗口。
三 | 当前，矿物学的研究边界持续拓展，并日益与深部地球、关键矿产资源、能源转型、全球碳循环和行星科学等重大科学与社会议题深度交叉。 大会组委会主席、南京大学副校长陆现彩介绍，当前矿物学科在夯实学科基础能力的同时，正迎来大数据科学与人工智能的深度赋能，“深时数字地球”大科学计划正推动矿物学研究向数据驱动转型。南京大学在矿物学人才培养方面，一方面大力推进学科交叉，将人工智能深度融入矿物物理化学研究，帮助学生夯实理化与人工智能基础，提高探索前沿开放领域的创新能力，另一方面紧密对接国家重大需求，将高年级学生全部纳入国家级重大科研项目，在实践中锤炼创新能力和家国情怀。
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